Example 3.  Use the Gauss-Legendre quadrature rules for n = 2, 3, 4 and 5 points to compute numerical approximations for  [Graphics:Images/GaussianQuadMod_gr_169.gif] .  

Solution 3.

[Graphics:../Images/GaussianQuadMod_gr_170.gif]


[Graphics:../Images/GaussianQuadMod_gr_171.gif]

[Graphics:../Images/GaussianQuadMod_gr_172.gif]

[Graphics:../Images/GaussianQuadMod_gr_173.gif]

[Graphics:../Images/GaussianQuadMod_gr_174.gif]

[Graphics:../Images/GaussianQuadMod_gr_175.gif]

[Graphics:../Images/GaussianQuadMod_gr_176.gif]

[Graphics:../Images/GaussianQuadMod_gr_177.gif]

Find the error for the Gauss-Legendre rules.

[Graphics:../Images/GaussianQuadMod_gr_178.gif]

[Graphics:../Images/GaussianQuadMod_gr_179.gif]

[Graphics:../Images/GaussianQuadMod_gr_180.gif]
[Graphics:../Images/GaussianQuadMod_gr_181.gif]

[Graphics:../Images/GaussianQuadMod_gr_182.gif]
[Graphics:../Images/GaussianQuadMod_gr_183.gif]

[Graphics:../Images/GaussianQuadMod_gr_184.gif]
[Graphics:../Images/GaussianQuadMod_gr_185.gif]

[Graphics:../Images/GaussianQuadMod_gr_186.gif]
[Graphics:../Images/GaussianQuadMod_gr_187.gif]

It is tedious, but possible to verify the following inequalities for the higher derivatives over the interval  [-1,1].  


        [Graphics:../Images/GaussianQuadMod_gr_188.gif]
        [Graphics:../Images/GaussianQuadMod_gr_189.gif]
        [Graphics:../Images/GaussianQuadMod_gr_190.gif]
        [Graphics:../Images/GaussianQuadMod_gr_191.gif]

 

We can now establish the  following list of "theoretical" bounds for the errors.

[Graphics:../Images/GaussianQuadMod_gr_192.gif]



[Graphics:../Images/GaussianQuadMod_gr_193.gif]

[Graphics:../Images/GaussianQuadMod_gr_194.gif]
[Graphics:../Images/GaussianQuadMod_gr_195.gif]

[Graphics:../Images/GaussianQuadMod_gr_196.gif]
[Graphics:../Images/GaussianQuadMod_gr_197.gif]

[Graphics:../Images/GaussianQuadMod_gr_198.gif]
[Graphics:../Images/GaussianQuadMod_gr_199.gif]

[Graphics:../Images/GaussianQuadMod_gr_200.gif]
[Graphics:../Images/GaussianQuadMod_gr_201.gif]

Compare the actual "error" and the "theoretical" bound for the error.

[Graphics:../Images/GaussianQuadMod_gr_202.gif]



[Graphics:../Images/GaussianQuadMod_gr_203.gif]

[Graphics:../Images/GaussianQuadMod_gr_204.gif]
[Graphics:../Images/GaussianQuadMod_gr_205.gif]

[Graphics:../Images/GaussianQuadMod_gr_206.gif]
[Graphics:../Images/GaussianQuadMod_gr_207.gif]

[Graphics:../Images/GaussianQuadMod_gr_208.gif]
[Graphics:../Images/GaussianQuadMod_gr_209.gif]

[Graphics:../Images/GaussianQuadMod_gr_210.gif]
[Graphics:../Images/GaussianQuadMod_gr_211.gif]

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(c) John H. Mathews 2004